The Pattern of Knowledge *

The Invention of Knowledge by Art Bardige

		SYMBOLS				UNIVERSALS				SYMBOLS				UNIVERSALS				OBJECTS				ENVIRONMENTS				ARTIFACTS
		Singular		Plural		Singular		Plural		Singular		Plural		Singular		Plural		Singular		Plural		Singular		Plural		Singular
		tools tombs cave paintings bone markings spoken language	c.40000	arithmetic hieroglyphic writing cities calendars inventories stone buildings stone sculptures money ziggurats bronze tools	c.3000 c.3000 c.3000 c.3000 c.3000 c.3000 c.3000 c.3000 c.3000 c.3000	Thales-of-Miletus Anaximander Solon Polis Black Figure Vase Doric Order Archaic Art Kouros Aesop Lao-Tse Deuteronomy Zoroaster	624-546 611-547 c.640-? c.600 c.600 c.600 c.600 c.600 619-564 604-517 638-609 660-583	Socrates Democratus Euripedes Hippocrates Parthenon Protagoras Thucydides Dying Niobid Hippias	469-399 460-360 485-406 460-377 448-432 480-411 460-404 450-440 460-?	tribal-Europe	c.400-800	Alcuin Charlemagne Aachen Chapel Holy-Roman-Empire Carolingian script Coinage Bureaucracy Legal Codes 1001 Nights	735-? r.768-814 792-805 c.800 c.800 c.800 c.800 c.800 c.800	Romanesque city-towns guilds Pope Gregory Church of St. Etienne free-standing-sculptures Romanesque Painting College of Cardinals Bayeau Tapestry	c.1050 c.1050 c.1050 1073 c.1062 c.1050 c.1050 1059 c.1073-1083	Roger Bacon Parliament St.Urban-in-Troyes Albertus Magnus Thomas Acquinas "Parzival"	1214-1294 1268 c.1261-1275 1193-1280 1225-1274 c.1250	DaVinci Erasmus Machiavelli Durer Copernicus Michelangelo More Luther Paracelsus Bramante Raphael	1452-1519 1466-1536 1469-1527 1471-1525 1473-1543 1475-1564 1478-1535 1483-1553 1493-1541 c.1444-1514 fl.1510	Huygens Locke Leeuwenhoek Newton Leibniz Bernoulli Halley Defoe Swift Watteau Berkeley	1629-1695 1632-1704 1632-1723 1642-1727 1646-1716 1654-1705 1656-1742 1660-1731 1667-1743 1684-1721 1685-1753	Darwin Dickens Victoria Mendel Pasteur Tolstoy Maxwell Dedekind Manet Carroll Ruskin Rodin	1809-1882 1812-1870 1819-1901 1822-1884 1822-1895 1828-1910 1831-1879 1831-1916 1832-1883 1832-1898 1840-1917 1840-1917	Pavlov Poincare Freud Shaw Conrad Planck Bergson Dewey Hilbert Curie Matisse Wright Russell	1849-1936 1854-1912 1854-1939 1856-1950 1857-1924 1858-1947 1859-1941 1859-1952 1862-1943 1867-1934 1869-1954 1869-1959 1872-1970	Unique-Artifacts	1995
		totemism kinship systems		Zoser-Step-Pyramid pyramids at Giza Hammurabi symbolic cuneiform husband&wife-statues	c.2650 c.2500 c.1750 c.2600	Pythagoras Confucius Buddha Psiax Vases	569-500 551-479 563-483 c.525	Lysippus Plato (early) Archtas Theaeteus Eudoxus	fl.370 429-347 428-347 415-369 408-355					Anselm Rashi Crusades Scholasticism troubadours	1033-1109 1040-1105 1095-> 1100-> c.1100	Meister Eckhart Pisano	c.1270-1327 fl.1258-78	Tartaglia Calvin Versalius Tintorello Pieter-Bruegel Council of Trent	1500-1557 1509-1553 1514-1564 1518-1594 1525-1569 1543-1563	Bach Voltaire Bernoulli Hartley Franklin Fielding Linnaeus Euler Johnson Hume Rousseau Diderot D'Alembert	1685-1750 1694-1778 1700-1782 1705-1790 1706-1790 1707-1754 1707-1778 1707-1783 1709-1784 1711-1776 1712-1778 1713-1772 1717-1783	Brahms Whistler Mendeleev Degas Twain Monet Renoir Boltzman	1833-1897 1834-1903 1834-1907 1834-1917 1835-1910 1840-1929 1841-1919 1844-1906	Minkowski Kandinsky Wright Rutherford Mondrian Jung Watson Einstein Picasso Eddington Kafka Malinowski Bohr	1864-1909 1866-1944 1869-1959 1871-1937 1872-1944 1875-1961 1878-1958 1879-1955 1881-1973 1882-1944 1883-1924 1884-1942 1885-1962
		initiation rights pottery		carved temples Temple of Hatshepsut	c.1500 c.1480	Heraclitus Dying Warrior Herakles Kore (Chios?)	fl.500 c.490 c.490 c.520	Plato-Republic-Bk-7 Mausolus Mausoleum Temple of Athena	429-347 c.359 c.359-351 c.360							Dante Giotto Boccaccio	1265-1321 1275-1337 1313-1375	Montaigne Elizabeth Gilbert Vieta El Greco Brahe Cervantes Stevin Napier Shakespeare	1533-1592 1533-1603 1540-1603 1540-1603 1541-1601 1546-1601 1547-1616 1548-1620 1550-1617 1564-1616	Smith Kant Cavendish Priestley Coulomb Lagrange Haydn Gibbon Lavoisier David Goya Goethe Mozart	1723-1790 1724-1804 1731-1810 1733-1804 1736-1806 1736-1813 1737-1809 1737-1894 1743-1794 1748-1828 1748-1828 1749-1832 1756-1801	Rodin Klein	1840-1917 1849-1925	Proust Buber Einstein Joyce Kafka Le Courbusier Schroedinger Heidegger Fitzgerald Piaget Heisenberg Bauhaus	1871-1929 1878-1965 1879-1955 1882-1941 1883-1924 1886-1965 1887-1961 1889-1976 1896-1940 1896-1980 1901-1976 1918-1932
		SYMBOLS				UNIVERSALS				SYMBOLS				UNIVERSALS				OBJECTS				ENVIRONMENTS				ARTIFACTS
		Singular		Plural		Singular		Plural		Singular		Plural		Singular		Plural		Singular		Plural		Singular		Plural		Singular
		shamans kings gods Black Elk priests chiefdoms Anasazi farming towns		Akhenaten Assyrians great empires	c.1365	Parmenides Classical Art Red Figure Vases Aeschylus	c.520-450 525-456	Aristotle Epicuras Euclid Library-of-Alexandria Praxiteles Zeno the Stoic	384-322 342-270 330-275 c.300 c.390-330 c.330-?			Feudal Manor	c.900	Abelard Abbot Suger Gothic Architecture Abbey-Church-of-St.-Denis Age of Chivalry Portrait of a Physician Geoffrey of Monmouth	1079-1142 1081-1151 c.1137 1140-1144 c.1160 ? -1154	Ockham Petrarch Oresmi Buridan Chaucer	1295-1347 1304-1374 1323-1382 c.1300-1385 1343-1400	Bacon Galileo Caravagio Monteverdi Kepler Rubins Donne Harvey Grotius Poisson Hobbes	1561-1626 1564-1642 1573-1610 1567-1643 1571-1630 1577-1640 1573-1631 1578-1651 1583-1645 1584-1665 1588-1679	LaPlace Rumsford Malthus Dalton Fourier Beethoven Hegel Owen Young Ampere Gauss Oersted Ingre	1749-1827 1753-1814 1766-1834 1766-1844 1768-1830 1770-1827 1770-1831 1771-1858 1773-1829 1775-1836 1777-1855 1777-1858 1780-1851	Mach Gibbs Cezanne Peirce Zola Neitzsche Boltzman Edison Bell Eastman	1838-1916 1839-1903 1839-1906 1839-1914 1840-1902 1844-1900 1844-1906 1847-1913 1847-1922 1854-1932	Wertheimer Keynes Weyl Wittgenstein Chadwick Vygotsky Calder Dirac Fermi Godel Yukawa Bourbaki Wilder	1880-1943 1883-1946 1885-1955 1889-1951 1891-1974 1896-1934 1898-1976 1901- 1901-1954 1906-1978 1907- fl.1938 1897-1975
		Trobriand trade animal domestication trading early settlements Stonehenge kinship systems		Moses 10 commandments alphabetic writing large scale trading	c.1200 c.1100 c.1000	Empedocles Diogonies	c.494-434	Archimedes Eratosthenes Apollonius Aristarchus Christ Pantheon Lucretius Virgil Horace Livy Ovid	287-212 276-195 262-200 c.310-230 4B.C.-29A.D. 25A.D. 96-52 70-19 65-8 59-17A.D. 43-18A.D.					Maimonides St. Francis of Assisi University of Paris Magna Carta St. Dominic	1135-1204 1182-1226 c.1200 1215 1170-1221	Brunelleshi Van Eyck Donatello Fra Angelico Joan of Arc The Master of Flemalle	1379-1446 1385-1441 1386-1446 1387-1458 fl.1431 fl.1425-28	Desargues Poussin Descartes Bernini Cromwell Fermat Torricelli	1593-1662 c.1593-1665 1596-1650 1598-1680 1599-1658 1601-1665 1608-1648	Schopenhauer Gericult Faraday Carnot Schubert Compte Delacroix Hugo Berlioz Tocqueville Hamilton Galois Kierkegaard	1788-1860 1791-1824 1791-1867 1796-1832 1797-1828 1798-1857 1798-1863 1802-1885 1803-1869 1805-1859 1805-1865 1811-1832 1813-1855	Gibbs W. James H. James Cantor Gauguin Michelson Hertz Sullivan Seurat Debussey Hilbert Lautrec	1839-1903 1842-1910 1843-1916 1845-1918 1848-1903 1852-1931 1857-1894 1858-1917 1859-1891 1862-1918 1862-1943 1864-1901	Pasternak Weiner Erikson Orwell Von-Neumann Skinner Pauling Levi-Strauss Pollock Crick Chomsky Watson Feynman	1890-1960 1894-1964 1902-1994 1903-1950 1903-1957 1904-1989 1907-1994 1908- 1912-1956 1916- 1928- 1928- 1928-1992
		farming wheel pottery metal working pictographs bronze		Homer Hebrew Prophets coinage	fl.750-700 fl.700 c.700-650	Anaxagoras Sophocles Zeno Herodotus	c.500-428 496-406 495-435 485-425	Ptolemy Column of Trajan Plotinus Augustine Galen Diophantus Gospel Arch of Constantine Pappus Simplicius	100-168 106-113 205-270 354-430 c.130-201 c.250 c.100 312-315 c.350 ?-529					Fibonacci Grosseteste Frederich II Henry II Chartre Cathedral	1175-1250 1175-1253 1198-1250 1154-1189 c.1194	Piero della Francesco Castagno Bosch Bottocelli Lorenzo DiMedici Savanarola Gutenburg	1410-1492 fl.1445-50 1450-1516 c.1480 c.1480 1449-1492 fl.1446-50 1400-1468?	Rembrandt Milton Colbert Pascal Boyle Vermeer Spinoza Hooke	1606-1669 1608-1674 1619-1683 1623-1662 1627-1691 1632-1675 1632-1677 1635-1703	Dickens Mayer Boole Thoreau Bronte Marx Joule Courbet Melville Clausius Kelvin Riemann	1812-1870 1814-1878 1815-1864 1817-1862 1818-1848 1818-1883 1818-1889 1819-1877 1819-1899 1822-1888 1824-1907 1826-1866	Becqueral Lie Roentgen Van Gogh Lorentz Wilde Poincare Thomson Conrad Durkheim Checkov Kipling	1832-1908 1842-1909 1845-1923 1853-1890 1853-1928 1854-1900 1854-1912 1856-1940 1857-1924 1858-1917 1860-1904 1865-1936	Piaget Michener Solzhenitsyn Kuhn Gell-Mann Doctorov Vonnegut Gould Hawking	1896-1980 1907- 1918- 1922- 1929- 1931- 1922- 1941- 1942-